STRUCTURE magazine A Practical Design for Thin Composite Steel Concrete Floor Systems. In recent years, it has become more desirable, and in many cases necessary, for architects and engineers to design buildings and structural frames with beams and girders of limited depth. Shallower structural depth allows building floor to floor height to be lowered and the amount of materials used such as exterior cladding, interior walls, partitions, and stairs to be reduced. In high rise building construction, it allows extra floors to be added within the proposed building height. On expansion projects, a shallower structural depth helps facilitate the need to match the existing floor elevations. Practical Design. This system has been developed for use in building floor construction, specifically for typical rectangular or square column bay areas of around 1,0. Download Aisc Steel Design Manual' title='Download Aisc Steel Design Manual' />One of the most economical and widely used floor framing systems is the third point loading of two in fill beams on girders which span between columns Figure 1. Conventional composite steel concrete floor framing consists of rather deep steel beams and girders which provide the most cost effective design in terms of tonnage of structural steel used. In this article, American Institute of Steel Construction AISC standard structural steel shapes will be used for both composite beams and girders, and will be made as shallow as practically possible. It should be noted that moderate column bay sizes are used in the design examples however, larger column bays in the range of 3. Figure 1 Framing plan. Although this system is intended for building floor construction, the concept may be applied to any other composite beamsgirders requiring a shallower depth. The Beam. The conventional composite beam, consisting of normal or light weight concrete, composite steel deck and a steel beam, is made shallower by replacing the steel beam section with a shallower heavier one. The concrete thickness over the steel deck is between 2 inches to 4 inches, and the standard 1, 2 or 3 inch deep steel deck may be used as required. Since the total depth of the composite girder is the depth of the system, the total design depth of the composite steel beam should be made as deep as possible but not greater than the total depth of the composite girder Figure 2. Download Aisc Steel Design Manual' title='Download Aisc Steel Design Manual' />It should be noted that, if desired, square or rectangular steel tubes HSS sections may be used in lieu of wide flange shapes and a cover plate at the bottom of the steel section may be added. Figure 2 Typical beam section. The Girder. The composite steel concrete section consists of an inverted structural tee WT, a steel plate and a standard steel concrete composite slab Figure 3. For the system to be practical, flexible and efficient, the standard structural tee WT and a thick and narrow flange plate are selected. How To Crackle Outside The U.S on this page. The thick and narrow flange plate provides not only needed strength and minimizes creep and long term deflection, but also leaves adequate space required for field attachment of the steel deck to the steel girder built up section. The steel girder built up section and the steel concrete composite slab form a very strong T section flexural member. One major advantage of this composite section is that field welding of the shear connectors to the steel girder top flange is not required since the top flange is embedded in the concrete slab with the top of the flange at or near the top of the concrete slab. Etabs Seismic Design Manual. A Beginners Guide to the Steel Construction Manual An introduction to designing steel structures using the AISC Steel Construction Manual, 14th edition. Figure 3 Typical girder section. The strength and stiffness of the composite girder can be calculated by transforming the concrete portion into steel using Modular Ratio, n EsEc Ec wc. The imaginary homogeneous transformed section is analyzed for its physical properties by the elastic methods of analysis. A steel detailer is a person who produces detailed drawings for steel fabricators and steel erectors. The detailer prepares detailed plans, drawings and other. NEHRP Seismic Design Technical Brief No. Seismic Design of Steel Special Concentrically Braced Frame Systems A Guide for Practicing Engineers. Beam Design according to AISC Table 310 using Excel AISC Tables310 excel memberdesign BeamDesign LRFD14. A Beginners Guide to the Steel Construction Manual An introduction to designing steel structures using the AISC Steel Construction Manual, 13th edition. As in any T beam section, substantial flexural horizontal shear exists at the intersection of the web and the flange. This horizontal shear can be determined using the familiar equation, v VQI. For thin concrete slabs above the top of the steel deck, reinforcement is usually required to increase the shear capacity. Shear friction provisions given in American Concrete Institute ACI 3. Section 1. 1. 7 and its commentary are referred to for the design of concrete slab shear reinforcement. Figure 4 shows the concrete slab critical shear planessurfaces. Slippage at the interface of the concrete and WT web can also occur steel stud shear connectors are used to prevent slippage at the web. The number of shear studs required can be determined by calculating the difference between the shear capacity, found using ACI 3. Equation 1. 1 2. Vn Avffy, and the total design shear at the web. Web portal for buildingrelated information with a whole building focus provided by the National Institute of Building Sciences. Areas include Design Guidance. For other critical shear planes ACI 3. Commentary Section R1. Equation Vn 0. Avffy Ac. K1 is employed to obtain the amount of shear reinforcement. Please refer to ACI 3. Figure 4 Critical shear planes. Download Aisc Steel Design Manual' title='Download Aisc Steel Design Manual' />Download your FREE White Paper Innovating a Tall, Capable Modular Building System with SOLIDWORKS. Modular construction has become a staple of many design disciplines. Mercury Marine 110 Service Manual Document about Mercury Marine 110 Service Manual is available on print and digital edition. This pdf ebook is one of digital edition. Technotrade is leading solution provider for Engineering Softwares including RISA3D3D Analysis Design Software. With the existence of the steel deck, one may want to consider its strength, along with concrete, to help resist the horizontal shear. Additional shear resistance of the steel deck limited to the attachment to the support or the side lap capacity is beyond the scope of this article. In the design examples, the concrete below the top of the steel deck, the steel deck and the steel plate supporting the deck are neglected from calculations together they constitute a few percentage points of the total stiffness. Design Criteria for the Steel Only Asymmetric Built Up Section. To ensure proper and uniform design of the composite girder section and to set the lower strength limit of the steel only built up section, the built up section must have adequate strength to support the total slab dead load and its supporting steel frames. VD8xit010/0.jpg' alt='Download Aisc Steel Design Manual' title='Download Aisc Steel Design Manual' />Serviceability Requirements. AISC Specification for Structural Steel Buildings ANSIAISC 3. L5 requires that The effect of vibration on the comfort of the occupants and the function of the structure shall be considered. As in any floor system design, the vibration characteristics of the floor system i. Refer to AISC Steel Design Guide 1. Floor Vibrations Due to Human Activity, for design information and procedure. Connections and Choice of Steel Girder Fabrications. Download Aisc Steel Design Manual' title='Download Aisc Steel Design Manual' />The system uses standard AISC beam to girder and girder to column connections, so the detailed connections are not shown. In the examples, the author used the actual girder span in the design calculations, i. For a heavy girder to column connection where the depth of the girder web is limited, a beam seat may be required at the bottom of the girder i. AISC seated beam connection may be used. Since it is necessary to provide web openings or drilled holes for the reinforcing bars, and the WT section is cut from a large W section, it may be easier and more cost effective to fabricate the required WT, with the notches for web openings, in a similar manner to fabricating the castellated beam. K7 Ultimate Security Serial Number there. If this method is chosen, the actual total depth of the WT should be used in the calculations. Alternately, one may prefer to simply make the drilled holes. It should be noted that if asymmetric shape rolled sections are available domestically the fabrication cost will be reduced. Advantages over Other Thin Floor Systems. At least a couple of thinshallow floor systems, such as the Girder Slab and Slimflor systems, are available for use in North America and Europe. Both systems can be used in several types of buildings, but are best suited for certain applications.